WIP: add Windows Update template with online COM API updates
Add essentials.windowsUpdate template that boots Audit Mode, uses the Windows Update COM API to search/download/install all available updates (cumulative, .NET, Defender), handles multi-round reboots with Audit Mode preservation, and compacts the image afterward. Known issues being worked: - Audit Mode preservation after update reboot needs verification - Install takes ~60-90 min with 4GB RAM on slow machines See wip/win10-update.session.md for full context and TODOs. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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5 changed files with 222 additions and 6 deletions
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@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ in rec {
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bestPerformance = import ./essentials/best-performance.nix args;
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clearFileAssociations = import ./essentials/clear-file-associations.nix args;
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virtioDrivers = import ./essentials/virtio-drivers.nix args;
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windowsUpdate = import ./essentials/windows-update.nix args;
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};
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# Applications
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114
lib/images/windows/templates/essentials/windows-update.nix
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114
lib/images/windows/templates/essentials/windows-update.nix
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@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
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# Apply all available Windows Updates via the Windows Update COM API in Audit Mode.
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# Handles reboots automatically — re-registers via RunOnce and continues updating.
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# Compacts the image afterward to flatten the COW chain.
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#
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# Usage:
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# essentials.windowsUpdate {}
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# essentials.windowsUpdate { maxRounds = 5; }
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{ pkgs, lib, ... }:
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{ maxRounds ? 3 }:
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{
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name = "windows-update";
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compact = true;
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memSize = 4096;
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qemuTimeout = 7200;
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auditScript = ''
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@echo off
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setlocal
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:: Track update round via a counter file
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set "ROUND_FILE=C:\vmix-update-round.txt"
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set "MAX_ROUNDS=${toString maxRounds}"
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if exist "%ROUND_FILE%" (
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set /p ROUND=<"%ROUND_FILE%"
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) else (
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set "ROUND=1"
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)
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echo === vmix: Windows Update round %ROUND% of %MAX_ROUNDS% ===
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:: Ensure Windows Update service is running
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net start wuauserv 2>nul
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sc config wuauserv start= auto
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:: Remove any update-blocking policies (LTSC may have these)
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reg delete "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate" /f 2>nul
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reg delete "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU" /f 2>nul
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:: Give the service time to initialize on first round
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if "%ROUND%"=="1" (
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echo Waiting for Windows Update service to initialize...
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timeout /t 30 /nobreak >nul
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)
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:: Run Windows Update via PowerShell COM API
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powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command ^
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"try {" ^
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" $session = New-Object -ComObject Microsoft.Update.Session;" ^
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" $searcher = $session.CreateUpdateSearcher();" ^
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" Write-Host 'Searching for updates...';" ^
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" $result = $searcher.Search('IsInstalled=0');" ^
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" $count = $result.Updates.Count;" ^
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" Write-Host \"Found $count updates\";" ^
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" if ($count -eq 0) { exit 0 };" ^
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" foreach ($u in $result.Updates) { Write-Host \" - $($u.Title)\" };" ^
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" $updatesToInstall = New-Object -ComObject Microsoft.Update.UpdateColl;" ^
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" foreach ($u in $result.Updates) {" ^
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" if ($u.EulaAccepted -eq $false) { $u.AcceptEula() };" ^
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" $updatesToInstall.Add($u) | Out-Null" ^
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" };" ^
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" $downloader = $session.CreateUpdateDownloader();" ^
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" $downloader.Updates = $updatesToInstall;" ^
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" Write-Host 'Downloading...';" ^
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" $downloader.Download() | Out-Null;" ^
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" $installer = $session.CreateUpdateInstaller();" ^
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" $installer.Updates = $updatesToInstall;" ^
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" Write-Host 'Installing...';" ^
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" $installResult = $installer.Install();" ^
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" Write-Host \"Result: $($installResult.ResultCode)\";" ^
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" for ($i = 0; $i -lt $updatesToInstall.Count; $i++) {" ^
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" $hr = $installResult.GetUpdateResult($i).HResult;" ^
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" Write-Host \" $($updatesToInstall.Item($i).Title): code=$hr\"" ^
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" };" ^
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" if ($installResult.RebootRequired) { exit 3010 } else { exit 0 }" ^
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"} catch {" ^
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" Write-Host \"ERROR: $_\";" ^
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" exit 1" ^
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"}"
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set "WU_EXIT=%ERRORLEVEL%"
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echo Windows Update exit code: %WU_EXIT%
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:: Cleanup component store
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echo Cleaning up component store...
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dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup /ResetBase /Quiet 2>nul
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:: Check if we need to reboot and continue
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set /a "NEXT_ROUND=%ROUND%+1"
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if "%WU_EXIT%"=="3010" (
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if %ROUND% LSS %MAX_ROUNDS% (
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echo Reboot required, scheduling round %NEXT_ROUND%...
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echo %NEXT_ROUND% > "%ROUND_FILE%"
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:: Copy script to a path the wrapper won't delete
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copy /y "%~f0" "C:\vmix-update-continue.cmd" >nul
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reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce" /v vmixUpdate /t REG_SZ /d "cmd /c C:\vmix-update-continue.cmd" /f
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:: Preserve Audit Mode across reboot (updates can reset it)
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reg add "HKLM\SYSTEM\Setup\Status\AuditBoot" /v AuditBoot /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
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reg add "HKLM\SYSTEM\Setup" /v AuditInProgress /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
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:: Immediate reboot (preempts wrapper shutdown)
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shutdown /r /f /t 0
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exit /b
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) else (
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echo Max update rounds reached.
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)
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)
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:: Done — clean up and shutdown
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del /q "%ROUND_FILE%" 2>nul
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del /q "C:\vmix-update-continue.cmd" 2>nul
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echo === vmix: Windows Update complete ===
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shutdown /s /f /t 10 /c "vmix: windows-update complete"
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'';
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}
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@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ rec {
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upstreamISO = upstreamISOs.win10-ltsc-2021;
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productKey = "M7XTQ-FN8P6-TTKYV-9D4CC-J462D";
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};
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basic = customizeImageFold upstream (with templates; [
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# Apply all available Windows Updates (cumulative, .NET, Defender)
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updated = customizeImage upstream (templates.essentials.windowsUpdate {});
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basic = customizeImageFold updated (with templates; [
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essentials.virtioTools
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essentials.removeIE
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essentials.removeWMP
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@ -38,8 +40,9 @@ rec {
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productKey = "M7XTQ-FN8P6-TTKYV-9D4CC-J462D";
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useAHCI = true;
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};
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laptopUpdated = customizeImage laptopUpstream (templates.essentials.windowsUpdate {});
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laptopSlim = customizeImageFold laptopUpstream templates.bundles.laptopSlim;
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laptopSlim = customizeImageFold laptopUpdated templates.bundles.laptopSlim;
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laptop = customizeImageFold laptopUpstream templates.bundles.laptop;
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laptop = customizeImageFold laptopUpdated templates.bundles.laptop;
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}
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@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ rec {
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windowsVersionForVirtioDrivers = "w11";
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};
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basic = customizeImageFold upstream (with templates; [
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updated = customizeImage upstream (templates.essentials.windowsUpdate {});
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basic = customizeImageFold updated (with templates; [
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essentials.virtioTools
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essentials.removeIE
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essentials.removeWMP
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@ -45,9 +46,11 @@ rec {
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windowsVersionForVirtioDrivers = "w11";
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};
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laptopSlim = customizeImageFold laptopUpstream
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laptopUpdated = customizeImage laptopUpstream (templates.essentials.windowsUpdate {});
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laptopSlim = customizeImageFold laptopUpdated
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(templates.bundles.laptopSlim ++ [ templates.reg.disableUCPD ]);
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laptop = customizeImageFold laptopUpstream
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laptop = customizeImageFold laptopUpdated
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(templates.bundles.laptop ++ [ templates.reg.disableUCPD ]);
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}
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95
wip/win10-update.session.md
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95
wip/win10-update.session.md
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# Windows Update Template - Development Session
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## Goal
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Create a `customizeImage` template that applies Windows Updates to an existing image via the Windows Update COM API in Audit Mode, then compacts the qcow2.
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## What was built
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### New files
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- `lib/images/windows/templates/essentials/windows-update.nix` — template that boots into Audit Mode, runs Windows Update via COM API, handles reboots automatically, compacts image
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### Modified files
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- `lib/images/windows/helpers/customizeImage.nix` — added `compact`, `qemuTimeout` parameters
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- `lib/images/windows/templates/default.nix` — wired `windowsUpdate` into `essentials`
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- `lib/images/windows/win10/images.nix` — added `updated` step between `upstream` and `basic`
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- `lib/images/windows/win11/images.nix` — same
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### New customizeImage parameters
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- `compact ? false` — flattens COW chain via `qemu-img convert` into standalone qcow2 (no backing file)
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- `qemuTimeout ? 1800` — configurable QEMU timeout in seconds (was hardcoded 30 min)
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### How the template works
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1. Boots image in Audit Mode with QEMU user networking
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2. Starts `wuauserv` service, removes update-blocking policies
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3. Uses PowerShell COM API (`Microsoft.Update.Session`) to search, download, install updates
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4. Accepts EULAs, logs per-update results
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5. If reboot required: copies script, preserves Audit Mode registry keys, re-registers via RunOnce, reboots
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6. After reboot: continues with next round (up to `maxRounds`, default 3)
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7. When done: runs `dism /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup /ResetBase`, shuts down
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8. Host-side: `qemu-img convert` flattens COW chain (when `compact=true`)
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### Usage
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```nix
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# Online mode (default) - triggers Windows Update service
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essentials.windowsUpdate {}
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essentials.windowsUpdate { maxRounds = 5; }
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# In image pipeline
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updated = customizeImage upstream (templates.essentials.windowsUpdate {});
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basic = customizeImageFold updated [ ... ];
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```
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## Test results
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### What works
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- Windows Update service starts successfully in Audit Mode
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- COM API finds all available updates (cumulative, .NET, Defender, MSRT)
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- Downloads and installs 6 updates including:
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- 2026-05 Cumulative Update KB5087544
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- .NET Framework updates (KB5010472, KB5011048, KB5088859)
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- Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool (KB890830)
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- Microsoft Defender definitions (KB2267602)
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- `compact` flag works — produces standalone qcow2 without backing file
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- Image grows from 5.02 GB to ~8.33 GB with updates
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### Issues found and fixed during session
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1. **First build (no service start)**: COM API found 0 updates because `wuauserv` wasn't running
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- Fix: added `net start wuauserv` + `sc config wuauserv start= auto` + remove blocking policies + 30s wait
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2. **Wrapper deletes script before reboot**: After round 1, the wrapper's `del /q C:\vmix-audit-script.cmd` runs before reboot completes, so RunOnce points to deleted file
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- Fix: script copies itself to `C:\vmix-update-continue.cmd` before rebooting; registers that path in RunOnce
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3. **Audit Mode lost after reboot**: Cumulative updates can reset the Audit Mode flag, causing Windows to enter OOBE instead of Audit Mode after reboot
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- Fix: explicitly set `AuditBoot=1` and `AuditInProgress=1` registry keys before rebooting
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4. **No shutdown after round 2**: When script runs from RunOnce (not wrapper), no shutdown command executes
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- Fix: script always calls `shutdown /s /f /t 10` when done, regardless of invocation method
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### Remaining TODO (for next session on faster machine)
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- [ ] Verify the Audit Mode preservation fix (AuditBoot + AuditInProgress registry keys) actually works — last build was still in round 1 install when session ended
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- [ ] The cumulative update install takes ~60-90 min with 4GB RAM — consider using 8GB for faster builds
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- [ ] Test round 2 → round 3 flow (does it find additional updates after cumulative?)
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- [ ] Test with `compact = true` to verify final image is standalone
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- [ ] Test full pipeline: `upstream → updated → basic → generalize`
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- [ ] Test win11 images too
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- [ ] Consider: should `windowsUpdate` go before or after `virtioTools` in the pipeline? Currently it's before (applied to raw upstream), but having virtio drivers might help with disk I/O performance during update install
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- [ ] The template is impure (downloads from Microsoft during build) — document this clearly
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- [ ] Consider adding a `maxRounds = 1` fast mode that skips the reboot cycle (just installs whatever doesn't need reboot)
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## Build command for testing
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```bash
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nix build --print-build-logs --impure --option sandbox relaxed --expr '
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let
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vmixLib = (builtins.getFlake "path:/storage/gitrepos/vmix.nix").lib.x86_64-linux;
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upstream = vmixLib.windows.images.win10.ltsc.upstream;
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withVirtio = vmixLib.windows.customizeImage upstream vmixLib.windows.templates.essentials.virtioTools;
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windowsUpdate = vmixLib.windows.templates.essentials.windowsUpdate {};
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in vmixLib.windows.customizeImage withVirtio (windowsUpdate // { vncDisplay = ":55"; compact = false; })
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'
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```
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Monitor via VNC on port 5955 (`localhost:55`):
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```bash
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gvnccapture localhost:55 /tmp/screenshot.png
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```
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