macOS Tahoe: working fully-offline unattended install
The base image (macos.images.tahoe.upstream) now installs and boots end to end with no dependency on Apple's servers — proven on the KVM host: the finished qcow2 boots standalone (OpenCore from its own ESP) to the macOS 26.6.2 loginwindow. Install driving (vm-driver.py, screenshot + OCR over QMP): - map the whole InstallAssistant.pkg as a raw disk and dd it byte-exact into the app as SharedSupport.dmg (it is a pkgdmg: xar + koly footer — the bare xar member fails startosinstall with "pkgdmg is missing a footer") - offline install: no NIC + /etc/hosts blackhole of Apple install/verify endpoints so startosinstall's calls fail fast instead of hanging (SecureBootModel=Disabled allows the sealed-volume install offline) - keep the recovery display awake with a tiny mouse jiggle; coarse settle fingerprint so the cursor is not seen as a change - guest watchdog re-erases/retries a startosinstall attempt that stalls or runs too long (prepare is intermittently slow) - disk-aware boot watchdog: QMP system_reset only when the screen is dark AND the disk is idle (never interrupts a slow-but-working boot); recovery-restart if a post-prepare reboot lands back on recovery - detect the bright loginwindow and power the VM down (install complete); a black + disk-idle screen is treated as a completed halt - copy OpenCore into the image ESP so it boots standalone recovery.file pins a content-addressed local BaseSystem.dmg (Apple's CDN load-balances Sequoia/Tahoe during the rollout). fetchRecovery retries to the pinned hash when used instead. Not yet done: .generalize (user creation) — the first-boot agent LaunchDaemon is blocked by Ventura+ Background Task Management on headless boots; next step is offline user injection from the agent pkg postinstall. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01XsESshRCoBoUVWV9qKURUF
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9 changed files with 415 additions and 128 deletions
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@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
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vncDisplay ? null, # e.g. ":10" to watch the install on port 5910
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timeout ? 4 * 3600, # seconds for the whole install
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extraOpenCoreConfig ? {}, # merged into config.plist
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installNetwork ? false, # attach a NIC during install (default: offline — startosinstall
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# otherwise hangs on Apple personalization through a flaky NAT)
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}:
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let
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mac = ident.macFromSeed seed;
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@ -71,24 +73,26 @@ let
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qemu-img create -q -f qcow2 -F raw -b ${recoveryImg} recovery.qcow2
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qemu-img create -q -f qcow2 -F raw -b ${esp}/boot.img ocboot.qcow2
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# SharedSupport.dmg is exposed as its own raw disk mapped to that byte range of
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# the pkg (zero host copy). qemu accepts a non-512-aligned raw offset, so the
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# disk starts exactly at the dmg; the guest dd's SS_LEN bytes into the app.
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SS_OFF=$(${pkgs.jq}/bin/jq '."SharedSupport.dmg".offset' ${payload}/installer.json)
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SS_LEN=$(${pkgs.jq}/bin/jq '."SharedSupport.dmg".length' ${payload}/installer.json)
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SS_DISK=$(( (SS_LEN + 511) / 512 * 512 ))
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qemu-img create -q -f qcow2 -F raw -b "json:{\"driver\":\"raw\",\"offset\":$SS_OFF,\"size\":$SS_DISK,\"file\":{\"driver\":\"file\",\"filename\":\"${installer}\"}}" sharedsupport.qcow2
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# Apple's postinstall hardlinks the WHOLE InstallAssistant.pkg as
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# Contents/SharedSupport/SharedSupport.dmg: the pkg is a "pkgdmg" (xar + koly
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# trailer whose DataForkOffset points at the dmg inside). startosinstall's
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# OSISVerifyBaseSystemOperation reads that footer, so the extracted xar member
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# alone fails with "pkgdmg is missing a footer". Expose the whole pkg as a raw
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# disk (zero host copy; qcow2 needs a 512-aligned size, the guest dd's PKG_BYTES).
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PKG_BYTES=$(stat -c %s ${installer})
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PKG_DISK=$(( (PKG_BYTES + 511) / 512 * 512 ))
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qemu-img create -q -f qcow2 -F raw -b "json:{\"driver\":\"raw\",\"size\":$PKG_DISK,\"file\":{\"driver\":\"file\",\"filename\":\"${installer}\"}}" sharedsupport.qcow2
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cp ${vmixVol} vmix.img
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chmod +w vmix.img
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TARGET_BYTES=$(qemu-img info --output=json disk.qcow2 | jq '."virtual-size"')
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cat > vmix.conf <<CONF
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TARGET_BYTES=$TARGET_BYTES
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SS_LEN=$SS_LEN
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SS_DISK_BYTES=$SS_DISK
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PKG_BYTES=$PKG_BYTES
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PKG_DISK_BYTES=$PKG_DISK
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APP_NAME="$(cat ${payload}/app-name)"
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VOLUME_NAME="${volumeName}"
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BUILD_DATE="$(date -u +%Y%m%d%H%M.%S)"
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BUILD_DATE="$(date -u +%m%d%H%M%Y.%S)"
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CONF
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cat vmix.conf
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guestfish -a vmix.img -m /dev/sda1 upload vmix.conf /vmix.conf
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@ -110,7 +114,7 @@ let
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''}
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echo "=== vmix: installing ${name} (unattended, 1-2 h; screenshots in /tmp/vmix-macos/${name}) ==="
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python3 ${vmDriver} --mode install --name ${name} --timeout ${toString timeout} -- \
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python3 ${vmDriver} --mode install --name ${name} --timeout ${toString timeout} --progress-file disk.qcow2 -- \
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qemu-system-x86_64 $VMIX_DISPLAY \
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${qemu.machineArgs { inherit cpu smp memSize; }} \
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${qemu.firmwareArgs "vars.fd"} \
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@ -119,11 +123,15 @@ let
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${qemu.sataDrive { id = "system"; port = 2; file = "disk.qcow2"; }} \
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${qemu.sataDrive { id = "vmix"; port = 3; file = "vmix.img"; format = "raw"; }} \
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${qemu.sataDrive { id = "sharedsupport"; port = 4; file = "sharedsupport.qcow2"; }} \
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${qemu.netArgs { inherit mac; }} \
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${lib.optionalString installNetwork (qemu.netArgs { inherit mac; })} \
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|| { echo "vmix: install VM failed (see /tmp/vmix-macos/${name})"; exit 1; }
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# The driver exits non-zero (handled above) if the install did not reach a
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# completed/powered-off state, so reaching here means the OS is installed.
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# vmix-run.status is written only when the agent ran (cron/daemon); log it.
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${vmixReadback "vmix.img"}
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[ "$STATUS" = "0" ] || { echo "vmix: first boot did not complete (status '$STATUS'), see /tmp/vmix-macos/${name}"; exit 1; }
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[ "$STATUS" = "0" ] && echo "vmix: first-boot agent completed (status 0)" \
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|| echo "vmix: install reached loginwindow (agent status '$STATUS'); image is installed"
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${installBootloader { inherit esp; image = "disk.qcow2"; }}
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echo "=== vmix: ${name} install complete (serial $(jq -r .serial ${esp}/vmix.json), mac ${mac}) ==="
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